Effect of whitening toothpastes and activated charcoal powder on enamel wear and surface roughness

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate surface roughness (Sa), roughness profile (Rv), and enamel wear after brushing with different whitening toothpastes and charcoal powders. Sixty (n = 10) bovine enamel blocks (6 × 6 × 3 mm) were randomly distributed into six groups according to toothpaste type: regular toothpaste (CONT), toothpaste containing 2% hydrogen peroxide (HP), toothpaste containing titanium dioxide (TiO2), toothpaste containing charcoal (COAL), toothpaste containing charcoal and TiO2 (COAL+TiO2), and activated charcoal powder (COAL_PWD). Each block was subjected to 30,000 reciprocal cycles at a 1:3 proportion slurry. After brushing, the blocks were analyzed using an optical profilometer to determine Sa, Rv, and enamel wear. In addition, representative 3D images of each group and wear profiles were obtained. Sa was analyzed using generalized linear models followed by Bonferroni correction, whereas Rv was analyzed using one-way analysis of variance. After brushing, COAL and COAL+TiO2 showed higher Sa values than COAL_PWD. However, no significant difference was observed in Sa between whitening toothpaste and COAL_PWD, and CONT (p > 0.05). In addition, no differences were observed among the groups in Rv (p > 0.05). Conversely, enamel wear was higher for TiO2, COAL, COAL+TiO2, and COAL_PWD than for CONT. CONT showed the least enamel wear, whereas HP showed intermediate values. Representative 3D images and line profiles showed lower step-height and lower mean surface losses for the CONT and HP groups than for the other groups. Whitening toothpastes and COAL_PWD did not increase Sa or Rv compared with CONT, while CONT demonstrated lower enamel wear.

Degree of conversion of resin cements polymerized under different thicknesses of feldspathic porcelain

Aim The aim of this study is to evaluate the degree of conversion (DC) of resin cements polymerized under different thicknesses of feldspathic dental ceramic. Methods: Forty samples of RelyX ARC and RelyX Veneer resin cements were polymerized under Starlight feldspathic ceramic discs (DeguDent Gmbh) with 0.5 mm, 1.2 mm, 1.8 mm, and 2.4 mm in thickness. The control group was cured without the interposition of ceramic. The DC measurements were performed 10 minutes, 1 hour, and 24 hours after the light-activation in a Nexus 670 FTIR spectrophotometer. Data were analyzed by two-way repeated measure ANOVA and Fisher PLSD test. Results: The RelyX ARC showed higher DC for all ceramic thicknesses. There was significant decrease in DC related to an increase in ceramic thickness. For RelyX ARC, the values of DC obtained after 1 hour and 24 hours did not differ statistically between them, but they were higher than those analyzed after 10 minutes. For RelyX Veneer cement, there was gradual increase in the DC up to 24 hours. Conclusion: The higher the thicknesses of ceramic, the lower DC of the resin cement

Microshear bond strength of conventional and self-adhesive resin cements to feldsphatic ceramic

Aim: The aim of this study was to verify the microshear bond strength of conventional and self-adhesive resin cements to feldsphatic ceramic. Methods: Twenty discs of Starlight ceramic (Degudent) were made (15mm x 2mm). The bonding procedure was accomplished by insertion of resin cements into tubes of 0.7mm internal diameter in contact with the ceramic. The resin cements used were: RelyX ARC (3M Espe), Panavia F (Kuraray), RelyX Unicem (3M Espe) and seT (SDI). Total of six tubes of each material on each ceramic disc. The specimens were tested for microshear in a universal testing machine, 24hours and 6months after bonding procedure. Values of microshear bonding strength (MPa) were subjected to ANOVA and Fisher PLSD test (p<0.05). Results: For 24hours analysis, RelyX ARC showed the highest microshear bonding strength without statistical difference to RelyX Unicem and seT. Panavia F showed the lowest values of microshear bonding strength in both periods. In the analysis after 6months there was a significant increase in the microshear bonding strength values for all cements compared to 24hours. Only for RelyX ARC, the increase was not statistically significant. Conclusion: In conclusion, the bond strength depends mainly on the type of resin cement used, and the self-adhesive cements behave similarly to conventional resin cement

Effect of Fluoride-Releasing Adhesive Systems on the Mechanical Properties of Eroded Dentin

Abstract The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of erosive pH cycling with solutions that simulate dental erosion on Martens hardness (HMV) and elastic modulus (Eit) of dentin restored with fluoride-releasing adhesive systems. Twenty-seven bovine dentin slabs were restored with three adhesive systems: Adper Single Bond 2 total-etch adhesive system, One Up Bond F and Clearfil SE Protect fluoride-containing self-etching adhesive systems. The restorations were made with Filtek Z250. The HMV and Eit values at distances of 10, 30, 50 and 70 µm from the interface were evaluated using a dynamic ultra microhardness tester before and after immersion in deionized water, citric acid and hydrochloric acid (n=9). Data were submitted to repeated-measures ANOVA and Fisher's PLSD tests (=0.05). After erosive cycling, HMV values of dentin decreased in all groups. For dentin restored with Adper Single Bond 2, the lowest values were found closer to the hybrid layer, while for One Up Bond F and Clearfil SE Protect, the values remained unaltered at all distances. For dentin restored with fluoride-releasing adhesive systems, a decrease in Eit was found, but after 30 µm this difference was not significant. The acid substances were able to alter HMV and Eit of the underlying dentin. For fluoride-releasing adhesives, the greater the distance from bonded interface, the lower the Eit values. The fluoride in One Up Bond F and Clearfil SE Protect was able to protect the underlying dentin closer to the materials. In this way, the fluoride from adhesive systems could have some positive effect in the early stages of erosive lesions.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da ciclagem de pH erosiva com soluções que simulam a erosão dental, na dureza Martens (HMV) e módulo de elasticidade (Eit) da dentina restaurada com sistemas adesivos contendo fluoretos. Vinte e sete blocos de dentina foram restaurados com três sistemas adesivos: sistema adesivo de condicionamento total Adper Single Bond 2 e sistemas adesivos autocondicionantes contendo fluoreto One Up Bond F e Clearfil SE Protect. As restaurações foram realizadas com resina Filtek Z250. Os valores de HMV e Eit nas distâncias de 10, 30, 50 e 70µm da interface foram avaliadas em ultramicrodurômetro dinâmico antes e após a imersão em água deionizada, ácido cítrico e ácido clorídrico (n=9). Dados foram submetidos à ANOVA para medidas repetidas e Fisher PLSD (α=0,05). Após a ciclagem erosiva, os valores de HMV da dentina diminuíram em todos os grupos. Para a dentina restaurada com Adper Single Bond 2, os menores valores foram encontrados próximo a camada híbrida enquanto que, para os sistemas adesivos One Up Bond F e Clearfil SE Protect, os valores permaneceram inalterados em todas as distâncias. Para a dentina restaurada com os materiais que liberam fluoretos, uma redução nos valores de Eit foi encontrada, mas após 30µm essa diferença não foi mais significante. As substâncias ácidas foram capazes de alterar a HMV e o Eit da dentina subjacente. Para os adesivos que liberam fluoretos, quanto maior a distância da interface adesiva, menor os valores de Eit. O fluoreto presente no One Up Bond F e Clearfil SE Protect foi capaz de proteger a dentina subjacente próxima aos materiais. Dessa maneira, a presença do flúor em sistemas adesivos pode ter algum efeito positivo em estágios iniciais de lesões erosivas.

Influência do tratamento de superfície da dentina radicular na resistência ao deslocamento de pino de fibra de vidro / Influence of root dentin surface treatment on bond strength of glass fiber post

Este trabalho avaliou a influência do tratamento de superfície na dentina radicular na resistência de união com pinos de fibra de vidro e cimento resinoso autoadesivo. Coletou-se 120 dentes incisivos inferiores bovinos dos quais 30 foram selecionados e tiveram suas coroas cortadas, permanecendo o remanescente radicular de 16 mm. Foi realizado o tratamento endodôntico e preparo intracanal para o pino, com profundidade de 8 mm para cimentação com cimento resinoso autoadesivo. As amostras foram divididas, randomicamente, em três grupos, segundo o tipo de tratamento de superfície, para limpeza intracanal após o preparo para cimentação: Grupo I - água destilada; Grupo II - EDTA 17% e Grupo III - clorexidina 0,12%. Os corpos de prova formados pelo conjunto dente-pino foram cortados no terço cervical, médio e apical, obtendo espécimes com 2,0 mm de espessura. Os espécimes foram levados à máquina de ensaios universal com velocidade de 0,5 mm/min para teste de resistência ao cisalhamento æpush-outÆ. A análise dos resultados foi feita com o teste ANOVA e Teste de Tukey (p<0,05). Os efeitos da água destilada, clorexidina 0,12% e EDTA 17% foram diferentes no tratamento superficial da dentina radicular, havendo diferença na resistência de união entre pinos de fibra de vidro e cimento resinoso autoadesivo nos terços cervical (p<0,013) e médio (p<0,026), sendo que o grupo da clorexidina 0,12% teve os melhores resultados. Isto permite sugerir novo protocolo de cimentação, com ação desinfetante (clorexidina), sem comprometer a resistência de união...

This study has evaluated the influence of different root canal dentin pre-treatments on the bond strength of radicular glass fiber posts. One hundred twenty bovine lower incisors were collecte. Thirty of them were selected and had their roots sectioned 16 mm from their apices. , Endodontic treatment and post space preparation to 8 mm deep were performed for cementation with self-adhesive resin cement. Samples were randomly divided into three according to surface treatments: Group I - irrigation with distilled water; Group II - irrigation with 17% EDTA; and Group III - irrigation with 0.12% chlorhexidine. Roots were then cut into 3 discs of 2 mm thick each and separated according to the region into cervical, medial and apical discs. A push-out bond strength test was performed by a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Data were analyzed with one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tuckey test (p<0.05). Mean bond strength values showed significant difference between the groups in the cervical region (p<0.013) and medial region (p<0.026), that suggest a new bond protocol with disinfectant effect using 0.12% chlorhexidine without negative impact on bond strength...

Procedimentos básicos em periodontia: método lógico para estabilizar a doença periodontal avançada / Basic periodontal therapy: logical method to stabilize advanced periodontal disease – case report

Para tratar a doença periodontal, é essencial controlar todos os agentes etiológicos envolvidos que possam desencadear a doença. Os procedimentos básicos são um conjunto de métodos aplicados para eliminar e/ou estabelecer um controle em todos os fatores etiológicos envolvidos no desenvolvimento da doença periodontal. Neste trabalho, alguns detalhes para estabilizar a doença periodontal avançada através dos procedimentos básicos serão analisados e discutidos.

Análise da interface adesiva entre pinos de fibra de vidro e dentina intrarradicular submetida à irrigação com diferentes agentes condicionantes / Analysis of the bonding interface between glass fiber posts and intra-root dentin subjected to irrigation with different conditioning agents

O propósito deste estudo foi avaliar a interação das soluções irrigantes e tipos de cimentos resinosos na cimentação de pinos de fibra de vidro nos diferentes terços da dentina intrarradicular, através do teste de resistência de união, avaliação das propriedades mecânicas e capacidade de selamento da interface adesiva. Noventa dentes pré-molares humanos unirradiculares foram utilizados neste estudo. Após obturação endodôntica e preparo mecânico dos condutos radiculares, os dentes foram divididos em 5 grupos de acordo com os agentes condicionantes (água destilada, hipoclorito de sódio 5,25%, ácido poliacrílico 25%, clorexidina 2%, dispersão de nanopartículas de prata à 23 ppm) e subdivididos em 3 grupos experimentais (n=6), de acordo com a técnica adesiva adotada para cimentação de pinos de fibra de vidro: Grupo SBU: adesivo autocondicionante ScotchbondTM Universal + cimento resinoso convencional RelyX ARC; Grupo U200: cimento resinoso autoadesivo RelyX U200; Grupo MCE: cimento resinoso autoadesivo Maxcem Elite. As propriedades mecânicas de dureza e módulo de elasticidade das estruturas da interface adesiva (cimento resinoso e dentina subjacente) foram mensuradas em ultramicrodurômetro digital DUH-211 (Shimadzu), sob carga de 5mN nos diferentes terços da dentina intrarradicular (cervical, médio e apical). A resistência de união foi mensurada pelo teste de push-out em máquina de ensaio universal (Emic DL 3000). A capacidade de selamento foi quantificada através de um sistema de infiltração de fluido (Flodec) durante 5 minutos. Os dados de resistência de união, propriedades mecânicas e capacidade de selamento foram submetidos a testes estatísticos de normalidade e analisados pela ANOVA para medidas repetidas e teste de Fisher (α = 0,05). Os resultados mostraram que as propriedades mecânicas de dureza Martens e módulo de elasticidade dos cimentos resinosos e da dentina subjacente são influenciados pelas soluções condicionantes, bem como pela profundidade...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the interaction of conditioning agents and resin cements in the luting procedure of glass fiber posts in different thirds of intra-root dentin, through the bond strength test, mechanical properties and sealing ability of the adhesive interface. Ninety single-rooted premolares human teeth were used in this study. After endodontic filling and mechanical preparation of root canal, teeth were divided into five groups according to the conditioning agents (distilled water, 5.25% sodium hypochlorite, 25% polyacrylic acid, 2% chlorhexidine and 23 ppm silver nanoparticles dispersion). Three adhesive cementation technique were adopted: Group 1: ScotchbondTM Universal self-etching adhesive + RelyX ARC resin cement, Group 2: RelyX U200 self-adhesive resin cement, Group 3: Maxcem Elite self-adhesive resin cement. The mechanical properties (Martens hardness and elastic modulus) of the adhesive interface structures (resin cement and underlying dentin) were measured in a DUH-211 digital ultra-microhardness tester (Shimadzu), under load of 5mN in different areas of intra-root dentin (cervical, middle and apical). Push-out bond strength was measured in a universal testing machine (Emic DL 3000). Sealing ability was quantified with a fluid-filtration system (Flodec) during 5 min was immediately measured. The data of bond strength and mechanical properties were subjected to statistical tests of normality and analyzed by ANOVA for repeated measures and Fisher’s test (α=0.05). The results showed that the mechanical properties of Martens hardness and elastic modulus of resin cements and the underlying dentine can be influenced by conditioning agents, as well as the depth of intraradicular dentin. The same phenomenon was observed in the push-out bond strength test. The 23ppm silver nanoparticle dispersion showed good results overall, suggesting that can be used as an antibacterial agent without interference in the mechanical properties of...

Análise da interface adesiva entre pinos de fibra de vidro e dentina intrarradicular submetida à irrigação com diferentes agentes condicionantes / Analysis of the bonding interface between glass fiber posts and intra-root dentin subjected to irrigation with different conditioning agents

O propósito deste estudo foi avaliar a interação das soluções irrigantes e tipos de cimentos resinosos na cimentação de pinos de fibra de vidro nos diferentes terços da dentina intrarradicular, através do teste de resistência de união, avaliação das propriedades mecânicas e capacidade de selamento da interface adesiva. Noventa dentes pré-molares humanos unirradiculares foram utilizados neste estudo. Após obturação endodôntica e preparo mecânico dos condutos radiculares, os dentes foram divididos em 5 grupos de acordo com os agentes condicionantes (água destilada, hipoclorito de sódio 5,25%, ácido poliacrílico 25%, clorexidina 2%, dispersão de nanopartículas de prata à 23 ppm) e subdivididos em 3 grupos experimentais (n=6), de acordo com a técnica adesiva adotada para cimentação de pinos de fibra de vidro: Grupo SBU: adesivo autocondicionante ScotchbondTM Universal + cimento resinoso convencional RelyX ARC; Grupo U200: cimento resinoso autoadesivo RelyX U200; Grupo MCE: cimento resinoso autoadesivo Maxcem Elite. As propriedades mecânicas de dureza e módulo de elasticidade das estruturas da interface adesiva (cimento resinoso e dentina subjacente) foram mensuradas em ultramicrodurômetro digital DUH-211 (Shimadzu), sob carga de 5mN nos diferentes terços da dentina intrarradicular (cervical, médio e apical). A resistência de união foi mensurada pelo teste de push-out em máquina de ensaio universal (Emic DL 3000). A capacidade de selamento foi quantificada através de um sistema de infiltração de fluido (Flodec) durante 5 minutos. Os dados de resistência de união, propriedades mecânicas e capacidade de selamento foram submetidos a testes estatísticos de normalidade e analisados pela ANOVA para medidas repetidas e teste de Fisher (α = 0,05). Os resultados mostraram que as propriedades mecânicas de dureza Martens e módulo de elasticidade dos cimentos resinosos e da dentina subjacente são influenciados pelas soluções condicionantes, bem como pela profundidade...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the interaction of conditioning agents and resin cements in the luting procedure of glass fiber posts in different thirds of intra-root dentin, through the bond strength test, mechanical properties and sealing ability of the adhesive interface. Ninety single-rooted premolares human teeth were used in this study. After endodontic filling and mechanical preparation of root canal, teeth were divided into five groups according to the conditioning agents (distilled water, 5.25% sodium hypochlorite, 25% polyacrylic acid, 2% chlorhexidine and 23 ppm silver nanoparticles dispersion). Three adhesive cementation technique were adopted: Group 1: ScotchbondTM Universal self-etching adhesive + RelyX ARC resin cement, Group 2: RelyX U200 self-adhesive resin cement, Group 3: Maxcem Elite self-adhesive resin cement. The mechanical properties (Martens hardness and elastic modulus) of the adhesive interface structures (resin cement and underlying dentin) were measured in a DUH-211 digital ultra-microhardness tester (Shimadzu), under load of 5mN in different areas of intra-root dentin (cervical, middle and apical). Push-out bond strength was measured in a universal testing machine (Emic DL 3000). Sealing ability was quantified with a fluid-filtration system (Flodec) during 5 min was immediately measured. The data of bond strength and mechanical properties were subjected to statistical tests of normality and analyzed by ANOVA for repeated measures and Fisher’s test (α=0.05). The results showed that the mechanical properties of Martens hardness and elastic modulus of resin cements and the underlying dentine can be influenced by conditioning agents, as well as the depth of intraradicular dentin. The same phenomenon was observed in the push-out bond strength test. The 23ppm silver nanoparticle dispersion showed good results overall, suggesting that can be used as an antibacterial agent without interference in the mechanical properties of...

Análise da interface adesiva entre cimentos resinosos e diferentes terços da dentina intrarradicular / Analysis of the adhesive bonding interface between resin cements to different areas of intraradicular dentin

O propósito deste estudo foi avaliar as técnicas de cimentação adesiva de pinos de fibra de vidro nos diferentes terços da dentina intrarradicular, através da resistência de união e avaliação de propriedades mecânicas da interface adesiva. Quarenta dentes humanos unirradiculares foram utilizados neste estudo. Após obturação endodôntica e preparo mecânico dos condutos radiculares, os dentes foram divididos em cinco grupos experimentais (n=8), de acordo com a técnica adesiva adotada para cimentação de pinos de fibra de vidro: Grupo 1: adesivo fotoativado Single Bond 2 + cimento resinoso RelyX ARC; Grupo 2: adesivo dual Excite DSC + RelyX ARC; Grupo 3: adesivo autocondicionante Adper SE Plus + RelyX ARC; Grupo 4: cimento resinoso autoadesivo RelyX Unicem; Grupo 5: cimento resinoso autoadesivo Set. As propriedades mecânicas de dureza e módulo de elasticidade foram mensuradas nas estruturas da interface adesiva em ultramicrodurômetro digital DUH-211. A resistência de união foi mensurada pelo teste de push-out em máquina de ensaio universal nos diferentes terços da dentina intrarradicular (cervical, médio e apical). Os dados de resistência de união e propriedades mecânicas foram submetidos a testes estatísticos de normalidade e analisados pela ANOVA e teste de Fisher ( = 0,05). Os resultados mostraram que as propriedades mecânicas de dureza Martens e módulo de elasticidade dos materiais adesivos e do substrato dentinário são influenciados pela interação dos materiais resinosos utilizados, bem como pela profundidade intrarradicular. O mesmo fenômeno foi observado no teste de resistência de união. Para os materiais resinosos, houve uma tendência de o terço apical apresentar os menores valores das propriedades analisadas, o que poderia conduzir à realização de preparos intrarradiculares mais conservativos.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate techniques for adhesive cementation of glass fiber posts in different thirds of intra-root dentin, through the bond strength and evaluation of mechanical properties of the adhesive interface components. Forty extracted single-rooted human teeth were used in this study. After endodontic filling and mechanical preparation of root canal, teeth were divided into five groups (n=8), according to the technique adopted for adhesive cementation of glass fiber posts: Group 1: Single Bond 2 light-cured adhesive + RelyX ARC resin cement; Group 2: Excite DSC dual adhesive + RelyX ARC; Group 3: Adper SE Plus self-etch adhesive + RelyX ARC; Group 4: RelyX Unicem self-adhesive resin cement; Group 5: Set selfadhesive resin cement. The mechanical properties of Martens hardness and elastic modulus were measured in the structures of the adhesive interface in a DUH-211 digital ultramicro hardness tester (Shimadzu). Push-out bond strength was measured in a universal testing machine (Emic DL 3000) in different areas of intra-root dentin (cervical, middle and apical). The data of bond strength and mechanical properties were subjected to statistical tests of normality and analyzed by ANOVA and Fisher’s test ( =0.05). The results showed that the mechanical properties of Martens hardness and elastic modulus of the adhesive materials and dentin substrate can be influenced by the interaction of the materials, as well as the depth of intraradicular dentin. The same phenomenon was observed in the push-out bonding strength test. There was a tendency of the apical region show the least values of mechanical properties, which could stimulate the use of more conservative intraradicular preparation.

Resolução da alteração estética em dente anterior com projeção cervical de esmalte / Resolution of the aesthetic alteration in anterior tooth with cervical enamel projection

As projeções de esmalte são mais prevalentes nas áreas de furca de dentes posteriores, e são consideradas como fatores predisponentes para o início da doença periodontal localizada. Quando em dentes anteriores, podem determinar alterações estéticas semelhantes às recessões gengivais. Neste caso clínico, relatou-se a resolução de uma projeção de esmalte em um dente anterior com alto comprometimento estético, através da aplicação de cirurgia mucogengival.